Ayutthaya Period (1350 – 1767 AD): Reverting back to Khmer principles, Ayutthaya gained more power over its sovereigns which saw conflict between neighbouring principalities. After diplomatic relations began in the 17th Century, the Burmese invaded in 1767, capturing Ayutthaya. Although, control didn’t last for long.

Thon Buri Period (1767 – 1772 AD): Fearing another attack, Ayutthaya’s capital was transferred to a site closer to the sea to facilitate defense, procurement and foreign trade. A new capital was established in Thon Buri and rulers were tough, however, the kingdom disintegrated quickly due to a lack of authority.

Rattanakosin Period (1782 – the Present): A new ruler then transferred the capital to Bangkok and established the Grand Palace. Further rulers employed social and economic reform, restoring relationships with surrounding provinces, Western nations and trade with China and ending European treaties, establishing modern Thailand and avoiding colonization. From 1869-1910 slavery was abolished, by 1925 educational reforms had been introduced and in 1939 Thailand became a democratic government.

CULTURE

An enchanting archipelago brimming with cultural history, Thailand is steeped in rich tradition and spirituality that is heavily influenced by ethnic groups from India, Cambodia, China and Southeast Asia. Important to national identity, Theravada Buddhism is the national religion and includes Hindu spirituality such as worshipping ancestors and animism.

Thailand has unique cultural norms and etiquette that tourists may be unaware of. For example, pointing with your feet or touching a person’s head are taboos in Thailand as the feet are considered the dirtiest body part while the head is most sacred. It is also important to remove your shoes when visiting a temple or entering someone’s home.

A highlight for many travellers to Thailand is getting to experience the Thai food culture. Thai cuisine blends sweet, sour, salty, spicy and bitter tastes in a delicious balance that goes well with most meat and seafood. Rice is a staple part of the cuisine in Thailand, particularly jasmine rice which is eaten with almost every meal.

LANGUAGE

Thailand is located in Southeast Asia, in the central region of the Indochinese peninsula. The country shares borders with Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Malaysia. Thailand has a population size of approximately 66 million, which consists of a number of diverse ethnic groups. Thai is the country’s official language and is spoken by the majority of these individuals.

The Thai language, sometimes referred to as the Siamese language, belongs to the Tai-Kadai language family. Linguists have determined that the language originated from several languages: Sanskrit, Old Khmer, and Pali. It sounds similar to Lao when spoken.