The 19th century was also a turbulent yet significant chapter in Brazil’s history. Brazilian independence from Portugal was granted in 1822, although Dom Pedro II of Portugal ruled the empire. Brazil was involved in several wars following the next five decades, including the Palatine War, Paraguayan War and Uruguayan War. Slavery was abolished in 1888, 28 years after the slave trade ceased operations. In 1889, the empire was toppling, giving way to a republic, which ended all colonial-related leadership in Brazil.

In 1988, democracy finally became a mainstream concept for Brazil, following several decades of military involvement in the national government. Even though high-level corruption, social inequalities and high crime still affect the country today, Brazil continues to develop and is earmarked as a potential world power. Much of Brazil’s colonial history is captured within Rio de Janeiro’s National Museum of History (Praca Marechal Ancora, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, 20021-200), or the Museum of the Republic (Old Presidential Palace, 153 Rua do Catete, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) which houses collections of Brazil’s past since it became a republic in 1822.

BRAZIL CULTURE

Brazilian culture is quite unique, even in comparison to other South American nations. Dance and music account for much of Brazil’s extravaganzas, as high importance has been placed on these features within society. However, even within this large nation, many regions of Brazil provide their own ‘twist’ on historical and modern music or dance. Some of the most popular styles that are quintessentially Brazilian include samba, chora and the new urban creation, funk. There are even popular dances and music that have been entrenched in the nation’s culture since the African slaves. Umbanda has a massive following within many parts of the country. In addition to music, African roots are also evident in the popular martial art/dance capoeira. Visitors shouldn’t miss capoeira exhibitions, which are popularized by amazing handstands, flips and infectious beats. People in Brazil are generally fun-loving with a friendly attitude towards foreigners. Football, dance and music are the lifeblood of the country, so it isn’t surprising that local football styles are often characterized by mesmerizing movements and a fast-paced rhythm. This ‘style’ has been successful for the national team on the world stage. Brazil is one of the most multicultural places on Earth. However, much of the Diasporas in the country have been ingrained in local society for many decades, sometimes centuries. Japanese, Italian, German, and Spanish migrants have blended with early African, native South American and Portuguese populations to create a true ‘rainbow’ nation.

BRAZIL LANGUAGE

Portuguese is the national language in Brazil and is spoken by 99% of the population, making it one of the strongest elements of national unity. The only exceptions are certain indigenous groups and immigrants who have preserved their native languages. There are major variations in the Portuguese languages spoken in Brazil and Portugal. In Brazil, there are no dialects, but regional variations in vocabulary and accent. The Brazilian sign language, LIBRAS, is a descent of the French sign language and is officially recognized by law, although it has limited use.